Encyclopedia article "Spinnen" from Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (1897), with two accompanying plates on spinning-mill machinery. It covers hand spinning with the distaff and drop spindle, the hand wheel and treadle wheel, and then mechanical spinning. The machine section follows the fiber through each stage: openers and wolves, scutchers and batteurs, carding, combing, drawing frames, roving frames and fine spinning on the water frame, ring frame and mule or selfactor. It also covers spinning of flax, tow, jute, wool and silk waste. Many engraved figures illustrate the machines.