US design patent D80,841 for an ornamental doily design, filed January 23, 1930 and granted April 1, 1930 to Edward Karfiol of Brooklyn, New York. The drawing shows a square doily with a scalloped border, a lace-like grid of square panels with floral motifs in one quadrant, and dashed-line open mesh elsewhere. The text is a brief specification stating that one quarter of the design is shown and the rest repeats, with a single claim for the ornamental design.

US design patent D81,338 for an ornamental doily design, granted June 10, 1930 to Edward Karfiol of Brooklyn, New York. The drawing shows a round, scalloped doily with a repeating concentric-circle motif and looping scrolls, with one quarter shown in detail as openwork lace. The text is a short specification and a single claim for the ornamental design.

US patent 1,775,346 granted to Adolph S. Herrmann of New York for a woven textile article such as a tablecloth, scarf or napkin. Fabric is woven with colored longitudinal or transverse bands, cut diagonally into triangles, and alternate triangles are joined into a rectangle so the bands meet in connected angular or cross-like designs without crossing each other. The document has a drawing sheet (Figs. 1-4), a specification and a single claim.

A short 1940 article from Weaver describing how to weave linen luncheon sets (place mats and napkins) with a 40/2 linen warp and weft stripes in blue linen and Bernat's non-tarnishable silver thread. It gives warp sett and widths, the stripe sequence for the place mats and napkin borders, and tips on winding the brittle silver thread with linen. It also suggests matching the colors to china patterns. The first page has a draft or drawdown grid; the second page is an illegible image.

A short encyclopedia entry defining crash as a narrow towelling fabric, 14 to 20 inches wide. It covers the probable Russian origin of the name, the yarns used (flax, tow, boiled yarns, later cotton warp and jute weft), the varieties (grey, boiled, bleached, plain, twilled, fancy), and how the cloth is finished and made up into roller towels.

A one-page spread from The Weaver by Gladys R. Kaler with two short pieces. "Summer Bags" describes washable handwoven bags made with Bernat candlewicking, with notes on sleying (15, 24 or 30 ends per inch), Egyptian 24/3 and cotton 20/2 warps, and use of the Honeysuckle draft. "Peasant Lunch Sets of Linen Floss" gives warp color order, sleying (12-dent reed, one thread per dent) and dimensions for doilies and runners woven with Bernat linen floss. Two photographs show finished bags; no drafts are printed.

A short encyclopedia entry defining the towel as a cloth for drying the hands, face or body. It names the main towelling fabrics, huckaback and Turkish towelling, and notes finer linen and damask towellings. It also covers the ecclesiastical use of the term for altar cloths, and traces the word's etymology from Old French and Low Latin back to Teutonic roots meaning 'to wash'.

A one-page item from the Indian Textile Journal (November 1897) giving particulars for two weaving designs, Nos. 1 and 2, intended for bed-covers and tablecloths. Specifications include 16's warp, 16's black Alizarine weft, 50 per cent size, 56's reed and 56 picks, with 20 ends and 20 picks of plain weave around the group. Design No. 2 is shown as a pixel-style grid image, but no drafts are printed. The page also carries unrelated text on a new tropical African cotton variety and a proposed trial in India by Mr. Tata of Bombay.

A short article from The Weaver describing four casual table mats designed by Dorothy S. Roberts, each about 10 inches wide and 12 to 27 inches long. All are woven on plain-weave threadings. Mat I has an inlaid geometric design in linen and Vittora Strand, with a cartoon for the colour placement. Mats II to IV are striped, using wool and linen wefts, with a weft-faced technique said to resemble Navaho rug texture. The article gives yarns, colours, sizes, reed and treadling details, and the stripe sequence for Mat IV.

A short note from the Needle and Bobbin Club Bulletin describing how Miss de Neergaard, after seeing a sixteenth-century Italian blue-and-white towel in the Metropolitan Museum's Textile Study Room, designed a modern woven pattern based on it. It mentions modern Italian reproductions of Perugian towels and notes that early pattern books such as Vavassore's (1530) described their cross-stitch or filet patterns as suitable for weaving. Two photographs show the old Italian towel and Miss de Neergaard's woven band.

An article from The Weaver (1940) giving instructions for three linen luncheon sets: a runner, place mats and napkins. Pattern No. 1, "The Modern Pine", uses plain weave with inlay tree motifs and a twill band. The other two are a warp-and-weft plaid and a striped set woven from odds and ends of linen. The article lists yarns, colors, sleying and warp color sequences, and weft stripe sequences, and has photographs of the finished sets. It has no weaving drafts.

October 1933 issue of Garden Studio Quarterly and Weaving Service, edited by Myra L. Davis and Kate Van Cleve. It gives project instructions for small handwoven items: a tray cloth and napkin set in Swedish embroidery weave with six corner motifs, a book cover woven in the 'Four Keys' four-shaft draft, and utility and traveling cases woven in the 'Forget-me-not' draft. Each project lists warp, weft, sett, reed, weaving lengths and making-up steps, with drafts, color suggestions (Bernat's and Garrett's materials), and cutting and layout diagrams for the cases.

Berta Frey describes how to weave a modern twin-size cotton bedspread in a Swedish lace (turned) structure using Lily's Floss. It gives threading drafts for 40-, 30- and 20-inch looms, with the spread built from panels joined by decorative seams, plus tie-up, treadling units, finishing, yardage and shrinkage test results. A close-up photograph shows the finished spread.

An issue of Practical Weaving Suggestions (Lily Mills) with an article by Susan R. Sherburne on weaving place mats from a single four-harness, 8-thread draft using different Lily cotton yarns. She describes experimenting with eight warps and different wefts, and gives instructions for hemstitching on the loom. Each mat (striped black weft, brown striped, natural, natural boucle, yellow, jade, rose, floss) has a materials list, sett of 32 ends per inch and treadling; the striped mats include warping plans.

A Lily Mills leaflet by Heather Thorpe of the Buffalo Museum of Science, giving directions for four colorful, absorbent hand-woven towels (Rose Border, Rose Bouquet, Rose Trellis, American Beauty). It lists the warp (Lily Art. 714 soft twist 10/3 cotton in five colors), weft (Art. 105 novelty cotton boucle and 10/2 mercerized), reed, a rose path threading with tie-up, and treadling for each towel. It also covers finishing, shrinkage, and color substitutions.

A 1938 Weaver article by Florence Cathcart Fowle on designing linen doilies (place mats) on a small loom so that the cut ends match the selvages. It describes three doilies: two woven on a Betsy Ross M's and O's threading with floss cords and turned hems, and a third with a Swedish-style over-laid pattern in the warp. Threading plans, warp plans, tie-ups, treadling directions, a tape-measure method for uniform size, and photographs of the finished pieces are included.

A one-page piece by Gladys R. Kaler in two parts. The first describes handwoven washable summer bags made with candlewicking weft on fine cotton warp, with notes on sleying and the Honeysuckle draft. The second describes "Peasant Lunch Sets" woven with Bernat's Linen Floss, giving the sley, border color order and sizes of doilies and runners.

A 1936 article from The Weaver in which Eleanor Ropes describes handwoven linen and cotton towels, with notes on colors, threads, setting, hems, fringes and border treatments. The towels are woven from two threadings, Heartz's "Pine Cone" and Mrs. Atwater's "Drifting Shadows", and are shown in photographs. She also describes two old Turkish towels she owns. The last page gives both drafts and treadling instructions for the borders.

January 1973 issue of Warp & Weft, the monthly newsletter of Robin & Russ Handweavers in McMinnville, Oregon. It includes the editor's note on late publication, loom delivery delays and plans to manufacture looms, plus a review of Jean Wilson's book Weaving Is Creative. The main feature is a four-harness placemat sample, Straw-Glow White and Natural, a Cannelle variation with a tie-up, threading, treadling, sleying, and cost breakdown. The rest is clearance sale notices, classified ads for yarns, and advertisements.

A one-page weaving design from the Indian Textile Journal, March 1897, intended for table cloths or sofa covers. It gives brief specifications (20's warp and weft, white or 2-30's indigo black, 56's reed, 56 picks, 60 percent size, plain draft and plain picking) above a large square grid design. The note says the design can also be used in silk weaving.

First issue of a 1933 quarterly of handweaving instructions and patterns from the Garden Studio and its weaving service. It gives project directions for a bridge cloth and napkins, curtains and towels using Swedish embroidery weave, and a luncheon set from a Danish draft taken from linen woven in 1775. Two pages carry weaving drafts, and another page shows graph-paper motifs for needlework or pattern charts.

A 1930s article from Handicrafter on using handwoven fabrics for home furnishings such as curtains, upholstery and pillow covers. Crocker describes samples woven mainly on raw silk warp, including an eight-heddle overshot draft, modified summer and winter pieces taken from Mary M. Atwater's Shuttle-Craft Guild Recipe Book, and inexpensive mercerized cotton and monk's cloth curtains in twill. Threading diagrams, tie-ups, treadling sequences, yarn choices and photographs of the finished samples are included.

A two-page newsletter article from Nellie Sargent Johnson offering practical Christmas gift weaving ideas, mostly for the Hearthside loom: striped curtains, corn-shuck and Spanish-weave place mats, plaid mats, drawstring and Vogue-pattern bags, wool scarves, vests, caps and afghans. It gives colors, materials and row-by-row directions for several items, plus a four-harness diamond threading draft for a striped-warp bag.

Issue of Lily Weaving Suggestions (Belding Lily Company) devoted to handwoven pillows, with four projects by different weavers. They are a diagonal-fold pillow woven as a single strip on carpet warp, a textured floor pillow built up with mixed yarns, soumak and rya, a three-layer floor pillow in pearl cotton and jute, and a Monk's Belt pillow with color-coordinated warp stripes. Each gives yarn article numbers, sett, warp and weft directions, and sewing and finishing instructions; the Monk's Belt project includes a four-shaft tie-up and treadling for sinking and rising sheds.

A 1955 folio of twenty woven linen samples with drafts and weaving instructions, mostly for place mats, table linens, towels and napkins, written by Elmer Wallace Hickman. The introduction ("Tabby Talk") explains a contemporary approach of "cheating the drafts": twill and reverse twill threadings altered by groups of 3, 5 or 7 warp yarns that differ in size, color or texture. It also gives color suggestions, reed sleying advice and yarn sources. Each sample lists warp, weft, sley, treadling and notes, with many using tabby treadling, metallic yarns and boucle. Contributions come from Mrs. Ella Bolster, Lillian Swawite, Mrs. Stanley Crowe, Mrs. C.W. Smith and others.

A 1922 Needlecraft Magazine article by Mrs. C. J. Kucera on making small table linens for luncheon and breakfast. It gives instructions for a place-mat and runner set with railfence hemstitch, satin-stitch embroidery and cloverleaf tatted edging, and for an all-white bridge cloth and napkins with twisted hemstitch, Hedebo-style cutwork squares and woven picots. The scan also includes the end of a filet crochet buffet-scarf pattern (rows 64-87) and an editor's question-and-answer column on crochet and knitting.

An issue of Lily Mills' Practical Weaving Suggestions devoted to place mats and napkins, written by Colonel John S. Fishback. It presents four place settings woven by Penland weavers: plain-weave brown and gray perle cotton mats with solid-color napkins, an eight-harness Bronson Lace mat and napkin in linen, a Finnish lace two-block linen mat and napkin, and heavy jute mats on opposites. Warp counts, setts, yarns, threading, tie-up and treadling are given, with drafts for the lace and jute patterns. It closes with advice on trimming fringe to an even length.

An issue of Practical Weaving Suggestions by John S. Fishback giving instructions for linen table runners and place mats woven on a threading adapted from a Finnish piece. It covers sizing for oval and rectangular tables, warp calculation, yarns (Lily linen and cotton), sleying, tie-up and treadling, and controlling length given draw-up after weaving. It also gives alternate yarn combinations and a section on hemstitching on the loom. A threading draft appears on page 3.

A Lily Mills Practical Weaving Suggestions bulletin by Toni Ford on heavier table mats that lie flat and stay put. It recommends mat and hem sizes and describes four mats with warp, weft and color details. These are a ribbed mat of alternating heavy and light wefts, a two-size warp mat built of squares, a Rosepath mat in novelty cotton, and a six-harness block-unit mat by Harry Burkett with a threading draft and six-treadle tie-up. It also gives tips on squared texture, warp tension and napkins, and ends with a list of recommended Lily yarns.

February 1962 issue of the Shuttle Craft Guild Handweavers Bulletin, written by Harriet Tidball. It announces two October 1962 rug designing and weaving classes taught by Peter Collingwood at Waldenwoods, Michigan, with schedule, fees and loom arrangements, and notes the editor's three-month textile-focused trip through Asia and Europe. The main article asks why handweavers neglect towels and other small household textiles and criticizes sealed guild traveling exhibit swatches. It closes with photographs and notes on tartan-pattern towels of silk noil and Swedish cottolin, with setts, shrinkage and finishing details.

An article by Josephine Marie Ryan giving instructions for three quickly woven linen table mats suited to a two-harness loom or a rigid heddle. Mat 1 uses a warp-stripe threading with Bernat linen floss and linen special, Mat 2 is a plain tabby mat in spring colors on fine white linen warp, and Mat 3 is a leno open-work mat using the same warp as Mat 1. The text gives warp counts, reed size, colors, weft sequences, finishing, and a pick-up-stick method (with a heddle-loop alternative) for making leno twists. Three photographs show the finished mats.

October 1965 issue of Warp & Weft, a monthly handweaving bulletin from Robin & Russ Handweavers in McMinnville, Oregon. It includes the editor's column, a cover note on a seashell wall hanging shown at the Pacific Northwest Weaving Conference, and a notice that the next conference will be held in Spokane in 1967. Two four-shaft projects with drafts, tie-ups and treadling are given: Pink Ice place-mats and a Fluffy Yellow and White baby blanket fabric, with thread costs. There are reviews of Harriet Tidball's Weaver's Book of Scottish Tartans and Groff's Sectional Warping Made Easy, a page on Christmas wall hangings, and classified and display ads for books and yarns.

April 1949 issue of Warp & Weft, a monthly newsletter for handweavers published in Chicago. It includes a draft for medallion check kitchen curtains (4 shafts, 10/2 cotton, red and white stripes), tips on yardage and sewing handwoven kitchen curtains, a short discussion of three-harness weaves, and a helpful hint on re-using yarn from knitted garments. It also has guild news from Chicago, Minneapolis and Indianapolis, a Round Robin traveling exhibit, a letter from a weaver in Brazil, a Biblical passage collection on weaving, and advertisements for a summer weaving session and a sale of rayon spools.

January 1980 issue of Warp & Weft, the monthly bulletin of Robin & Russ Handweavers in McMinnville, Oregon, edited by Russell E. Groff. The main feature is the 'Hawaiian Garden' sample, a 4-shaft linen and ramie fabric for table linens and place mats, with tie-up, threading, treadling, yarn details, reed and sett information, and weaving notes on fuzzing of the slubby linen. Other items include the editor's column (yarn shipments, the cancellation of Convergence 80), a cover photograph note, a review of the book Woven Works by John and Susan Hamamura, a call for sample weavers, a notice about Qiviut yarn, and pages of classified yarn advertisements.

August 1952 issue of the Warp & Weft newsletter published in Baldwin, Michigan. The main project is a textured linen luncheon set with a four-shaft threading draft, tie-up, yarn list and treadling for the heavy and sheer sections, using linen and metallic yarns. Other items include notes on guild exhibits and state fair awards, an essay on flax and homespun linen, a fashion column on combining fabrics, a Q&A on cloth-beam aprons versus dowel tie-on rods, a review of Hariette J. Brown's book on two-harness weaving, short anecdotes, a poem, and loom and supply advertisements.

Berta Frey's article encourages beginning weavers to learn technique by weaving useful kitchen items, starting with a dozen dish towels. It gives a practice warp recipe (bedspread cotton alternating with 20/3 colored crochet cotton, sleyed at 20 ends per inch, 8/1 slub linen weft, set in Rosepath) and advice on fibers for absorbency. It also covers place mats made from unusual materials and fashionable aprons, including lace-weave aprons in Bronson or leno and ways to finish the gathers and ties. Photographs show a kitchen, aprons, and towels.

A folio of instruction sheets by Elmer W. Hickman for 24 handwoven table linen fabrics woven on four shafts, mostly twills, Norsk huck-a-back, and tabby/texture weaves. Each entry gives a threading and tie-up draft, warp and weft yarn specifications with sources, sleying in a No. 12 or 15 reed, and treadling, often combining linen with metallic and rayon novelty yarns. A cover letter to weavers and a 'Tabby Talk' section discuss yarn suppliers, handling heavy rayon yarns, multiple-warp construction and borders. Photographs of the woven samples appear with the drafts and on the last pages.

Issue of a Lily (Belding Lily Company) weaving bulletin devoted to woven floor pillows, with project instructions by weavers of the Contemporary Handweavers of Houston. It gives materials lists, threadings, tie-ups, treadlings and finishing directions for a child's floor pillow and a playroom pillow in bound weave on opposites, a two-layer double-section pillow with picked-up Greek-style loops and soumak, and a chenille floor pillow in tabby with skulato loops.

A 1930 magazine article from Arts & Decoration on luxury household linens and laces for the table, bed and windows. It discusses damask tablecloths, lace and embroidered table sets and doilies (Venetian point, Burano, Valenciennes, Pointe de Flanders), drawn-work or cut-work 'new filet' made in the linen itself, lace bed spreads, and curtain choices for different house styles. Illustrated with photographs of lace table dressings, a table scarf, a bed cover and a curtain.

An issue of Practical Weaving Suggestions by Virginia West presenting seven linen and cotton place mat designs woven with Lily yarns. Four mats (Doric, Olympia, Elise, Pink-A-Dilly) are plain weave on a twill threading and use hemstitching variations or leno bands; Cinnamon is a Lace Bronson mat, Marigold is a reversible Summer and Winter mat with tie-ups for 8 and 6 pedals, and Al Fresco is a jute patio mat. Each entry gives warp, weft, reed, sett, finished size and weaving directions, with drafts on pages 4 to 6.

An issue of Lily Mills' Practical Weaving Suggestions by Mildred Dexter giving instructions for four handwoven bags, three pillows, and one placemat, all in Lily mercerized cotton and novelty yarns. It lists warps, wefts, sett, and finishing details such as buckram and foam interlining, linings, and handles. Projects include a 7-harness twill bag with a rising-shed tie-up, an original overshot threading called "Paper Doll", tabby pillows with chenille rya and flower decoration, and a Finnish-inspired "One-and-a-half Weave" placemat on four harnesses.

Mid-winter holiday issue (1940-1941) of The Shuttle, a house magazine for members of the Maysville Guild of Home Weavers, published by January & Wood Co. of Maysville, Kentucky. It includes Nellie Sargent Johnson's article on luncheon sets and place mats woven of carpet warp and Soft Spun cotton, with warp color orders, sett, and pick-up border diagrams. The rest is member letters with photographs of hand-woven rugs, one giving a Kersey twill rug threading, plus editorial pieces on the Guild, holiday sales, and a picked-up place mat design.

October 1955 issue of the Shuttle Craft Guild Handweaver's Bulletin, a Portfolio Edition with woven samples attached. The main article describes heavy singles linen (1½/1 and 7/1 Davis linen) drip-dry barbecue tablecloths and runners, with three designs: a point twill canvas-weave cloth, a striped tabby runner or cloth using two warp beams, and an untested two-color texture plaid, plus warp, sley, tie-up and treadling details. Shorter items cover Davis linens, a question and answer on measuring warp yardage on the loom, a discussion of book reviewing, reviews of Contemporary Handweaving (Overman and Smith) and Trasmattor (Broden and Ingers), and a letter from Harriet Tidball about the Home Study Course.

A short Christmas-season leaflet by Mary Meigs Atwater suggesting hand-woven gifts and how to make them, including linens, scarves, bags, pillow-tops, chair-seats and rugs. It gives warp and weft choices, setts, and sizes for each item. Treadling directions accompany patterns A through F (Honeysuckle, Goose-Eye, Ms and Os, Summer and Winter, and a seamless/double-width tube weave), with table-loom lever transpositions for the Structo loom. It ends with a Yarn News price list for cotton, perle, and linen yarns.

Issue of a small American handweaving magazine published by Mary Pendleton from her studio in Sedona, Arizona. It includes an editorial, reader letters, a place mat project in heavy linen with threading, sleying and treadling directions, and features on weaving students and teachers at Dixie College in St. George, Utah. Shorter items cover handling two different finished widths from one warp, spinning and natural dye notes from readers, a book note on Step-by-Step Weaving, and studio news. The last page carries advertisements for yarns, weaving supplies and a summer craft school.

April 1955 issue of Warp and Weft, a monthly handweaving bulletin published by Robin and Russ Handweavers of Santa Barbara, California. It includes the editor's column, a profile of weaver and teacher Kate Van Cleve, questions and answers on finishing linen, gassed cotton and vicuna yarn, and a monthly sample project, Patio Squares, with a four-harness threading draft, tie-up, treadling, and cost figures for a linen and linen boucle tablecloth and place mats. Two book reviews (Lotte Becher's Handweaving, Designs & Instructions and Grace Denny's Fabrics) and classified advertisements fill the rest.

Volume IX (1952) of Loom Music, a Canadian handweaving bulletin edited by Mary Sandin (Edmonton) and Ethel Henderson (Winnipeg), with ten monthly issues from January to December. Issues give detailed project instructions with warp and weft specifications, threadings, tie-ups for rising and counterbalanced looms, and treadlings. Topics include table settings for 2 to 10 harnesses, reed mats, a small wall hanging, stoles, tweeds for sports jackets, upholstery and drapery yardage, linen table squares with lace squares, design lectures, and Mexican pick-up. The volume also covers beginners' test pieces (Banff School of Fine Arts and the Guild of Canadian Hand Weavers requirements), Banff notes, and leather and odds-and-ends bags.

Bound volume of the 1962 (Vol. XIX) issues of Loom Music, the handweaving newsletter edited by Ethel Henderson (Winnipeg) and Mary Sandin (Edmonton). It covers the year's themes: a table linen issue with four-shaft and 16-harness place mats, wool suiting and coating weaves, Monk's Belt and Halkrus, a drapery/bedcover design, belts, braids and bags, the Banff summer school, Christmas small articles, and weft-faced Rosepath wall hangings. Most issues give full drafts, tie-ups, treadlings, yarn details and making-up directions. The volume also includes news of weavers, a correspondence course ad, natural dyeing with blueberries, and an annual index.

Fall 1983 issue of The Weaver's Journal, a quarterly for textile craftspeople, with a loose theme of lesser-known plant fibers. The main project is a year of twelve kitchen towels by Clotilde Barrett, one per month, each in a different four-shaft structure (spot Bronson, turned summer and winter, miniature overshot, point twill, Atwater-Bronson lace, huck lace, Monk's belt, M's and O's, crackle), with full drafts. Other articles cover a Chinese drawloom, handspun saddle blanket, computers for weavers (Part 3) with a name-draft program listing, rainbow dyeing, transparent weaving with handspun cotton, an onion basket, flame retardants, yarn counts, mothproofing wool, and plant fibers (hard and soft fibers, piña, ramie, with a multi-shaft huck lace shirt). The issue also has book reviews, product news, catalogs, classifieds and many advertisements.

A single page from The Delineator's series on netting (No. 62) giving instructions for a netted handkerchief with a square border and central square panel. It explains a method of starting the netting that shows no joining and needs no fulness, then lists the rounds of the outside border using three mesh sizes. Six figures show the finished handkerchief and miniature diagrams of the inside border method.