Harold B. Burnham reports on a velvet ground weave derived from 3/1 twill (one pile end to three main ends) that he argues is characteristic of Spanish velvet weaving of the late fifteenth to sixteenth centuries. He traces it through Spanish chests, vargueño desks, over two hundred ecclesiastical embroideries, confraternity banners, stamped velvets and three figured velvets. He contrasts it with Italian and Chinese velvets by yarn twist and ground construction. He also proposes that Spanish velvet drawlooms used 840 pulley cords and their divisions, against the Italian 800. A technical résumé at the end gives warp, pile, weft, selvage and figure-harness details for each illustrated piece.