An encyclopedia article on the cotton trade and consumption, chiefly in Great Britain, from 1700 to the late 1850s. It traces consumption of raw cotton, the effect of the inventions of Arkwright, Hargreaves, Crompton and Cartwright, exports of yarn and piece goods, mill employment and wages, and the founding of the Cotton Supply Association in 1857. Later pages briefly survey cotton manufacture in France, Switzerland and other countries, with statistical tables on imports, exports and capital.