An 1872 article on the history and manufacture of hats in the United States, from colonial protection and English restrictions on American hat exports through the post-Revolution trade. It describes hand felting (bowing) of fur and wool, silk plush hats, and straw, grass and palm-leaf hats and bonnets, including early women inventors such as Betsy Metcalf and Sophia Woodhouse. It also covers the introduction of felting machinery (Wells patent, 1846), census figures for hat production, and a closing argument that the tariff has damaged the export trade.