A biographical encyclopedia entry on Sir Richard Arkwright, who rose from country barber to wealthy manufacturer through machinery for carding and spinning cotton. It explains the principle of his drawing rollers and rotary carding engines, and the role of John Kay, Peter Atherton, Mr. Smalley and others in developing the first engine. It also covers the Nottingham cotton mill, the patent dispute, his knighthood in 1786 and his death at Cromford in 1792.