Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.) article on lace by Alan S. Cole. It defines lace and traces its origins from braids and cords through lacis (darned netting), cut and drawn work and reticella to needlepoint and pillow lace. It covers the main centres (Venice, Flanders, France, England, Ireland, Germany), the techniques of needle, pillow and machine lace, and Irish crochet, and ends with a bibliography of pattern books and lace histories. It has many plates and figures of lace specimens and portraits showing lace costume.