An essay by William Morris on designing for textiles, covering five ways of ornamenting woven cloth: tapestry, carpet-weaving, mechanical weaving, printing or painting, and embroidery. Morris argues for Gothic and medieval models, clear structure and bold silhouette, and designs suited to each material and process. He criticizes commercial 'improvements', coal-tar dyes, Japanese imitations and 18th-century patterns. It closes with general maxims on pattern design.