An encyclopedia entry on the manufacture of felt hats, focused on the United States. It contrasts the older hand methods (bowing fur or wool into bats, felting on the battery, blocking and finishing) with the machinery that replaced them: forming, hardening, fulling, finishing lathes, stretching, blocking, shaping and pouncing machines. It names inventors and companies, distinguishes wool-hat from fur-hat production, and ends with cross-references to other dictionary entries and to Scientific American articles.