An article on twentieth-century revival of Polish traditional weaving, centered on the reversible double-warp wool rugs of the Bialystok peasant looms directed by Eleanora Plutynska and the kilim-style tapestries of Helena and Stefan Galkowski at the State Textile Institute Wanda. It covers the regional peasant textiles of Poland, the symbolism and technique of the rugs, the effects of World War II, and the philosophy of designing directly on the loom. Photographs show rugs, tapestries and a weaver at an upright loom.