An encyclopedia article on the history and economics of the American cotton industry, from the early South and the saw-gin through the 1900-01 crop. It covers Whitney and Holmes's gin patents, homespun production, price swings, post-Civil War credit and tenant systems, and the growth of southern cotton mills against northern ones. Statistical tables give crop, consumption, export and price data for 1840-1901, acreage and yield for 1875-1901, sixty years of manufacturing (1830-1900), and northern versus southern mill consumption.