Encyclopedia Britannica (11th ed.) article on flax, covering the botany of Linum usitatissimum, its ancient history and use in Egypt and the Swiss lake-dwellings, and cultivation. It describes the steps from pulling and rippling through retting (water, dew, warm-water, steam and chemical methods) to scutching, with notes on Courtrai flax. The article closes with trade information: acreage by country in 1905, Russian flax grades and base marks, price tables 1897-1906, and imports to the United Kingdom and Irish acreage.