Encyclopedia article on cochineal from Rees's Cyclopedia (1819). It covers the insect, its cultivation in Mexico and elsewhere, grades and trade, and the history of its use as a dye, including the discovery of tin mordants for scarlet. It describes chemical reactions of cochineal with acids, salts and mordants on wool, silk and cotton, practical dyeing and calico-printing advice, and recipes for carmine and red lake.