Encyclopedia Britannica (11th ed.) article on mercerizing, the treatment of cotton with strong caustic soda or other reagents. It covers John Mercer's 1844 discovery, the resulting shrinkage and chemical changes, crimp effects, and the 1889 Lowe process for permanent lustre under tension. It also describes the machinery for mercerizing hanks, warps and piece goods, which cotton suits the process, and theories of the cause of lustre. It ends with a short bibliography.