A short dictionary entry from Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary describing the hat-hardening (basoning) machine, a preliminary felting step that makes fiber bodies dense enough to handle before full felting. It explains how cone bodies are hardened with an auxiliary cone, how other bodies are steamed and rolled in basoning cloths, and how flat bats are hardened between a table and a reciprocating platen. A cross-section drawing (Fig. 2433) of a hat-fulling machine is included, and Emmon's 1853 patent is cited.