A 1912 paper by Prof. Aldred F. Barker comparing frame (ring) spinning with mule spinning of woollen yarns, with a brief note on worsted drafting. It explains the principles of woollen mule spinning (spindle draft, drafting twist, the old piecening carder versus the modern condenser) and describes Platt Bros.' patent woollen ring spinning frame with its twister tube. It gives cost, space and power comparisons and strength and elongation tests of yarns and cloths from three blends, with photomicrographs and drafting-roller diagrams, and ends with the discussion by Institute members.