Part I of an illustrated 1909 Cassier's Magazine article on the layout and machinery of a modern Lancashire cotton spinning mill. It covers the history of spinning, cotton staple types (Sea Island, Egyptian, American, Indian), and the case for Lancashire and Oldham as the centre of the industry. Most of the article describes the blowing room: bale breakers, hopper feeders, openers, scutchers and lap machines, and feed regulators, with illustrations from Asa Lees, Dobson & Barlow, and Howard & Bullough. It ends with mill dimensions, spindle counts for fine and coarse mills, and the card room arrangement.