Article on the Royal Manufactory for Printed Cottons at Avila, Spain, founded in 1787 by two Englishmen and operating until 1799. It covers the Bourbon policy of establishing royal factories, the labor troubles and managerial failures at Avila, and the 1920 rediscovery of factory records and printed cotton samples in the archives at Simancas. Plates reproduce chintz samples with large floral patterns, swags, flowering baskets and stripes, which the author describes as French in parentage with a Spanish boldness of design and color.