Czech encyclopedia article on flax (len) from Ottův slovník naučný, covering the plant's varieties, climate and soil needs, sowing, diseases, and harvesting for fibre or seed. It describes the stages of fibre preparation in detail: retting (dew, pit, running water, heated water, chemical), breaking, scutching and hackling, by hand and by machine, with illustrated tools and machines. It closes with flax grades and trade (Irish, Belgian, Italian, Egyptian, Bohemian) and the state of flax growing in Bohemia and Europe.