An encyclopedia article on wool, defining it as the soft curly hair of sheep and other ruminants and distinguishing it from hair by its uniform growth and shedding. It summarizes early chemical studies, notably Berthollet's work in the 1780s on wool's reaction with alkalies and acids. It also covers fleece and the grades of wool from England, Spain and France, and the 1791 Edinburgh Society for the Improvement of British Wool, which imported and distributed sheep and gave premiums for Shetland breed improvement.