Encyclopedia article tracing the invention and development of the sewing machine, from Weisenthal's double-pointed needle (1755) and Saint's 1790 patent through Thimonnier, Hunt, Howe, Singer, Wilson, Grover and Gibbs. It explains the chain stitch, double chain stitch and lock stitch, and the shuttle, rotary-hook and oscillating-shuttle mechanisms, illustrated with engravings and stitch diagrams. It closes with specialized machines for buttonholes, carpets, gloves, boots and book sewing.