Part I of an article by Mrs. F. Nevill Jackson comparing seventeenth-century church lace with nineteenth-century work. It discusses what counts as ecclesiastical lace, lace made for church use versus lay lace later given to the church, and the role of convents in lace-making. It criticizes the weak design of modern lace, using the 1887 Youghal (Co. Cork) convent set made for Pope Leo XIII as its main example. Plates show Italian and Venetian needle-point lace, including an alb and a stole, and modern Irish needle-point.