A paper by J. Merritt Matthews read before the Section of Physics and Chemistry of the Franklin Institute in May 1906, on how raw cotton is scoured before dyeing, mordanting or bleaching. It describes the waxes, pectin and other impurities in the fibre, then distinguishes light "wetting-out" from full "boiling-out". It covers scouring with alkalies (soda ash, caustic soda) and with sulphated oils such as Turkey-red oil, with practical notes on yarns, hard water and basic dyes.