Part I of an article from The Connoisseur arguing that the 'Point d'Espagne' of sixteenth and seventeenth century writers was the fine Andalusian lace called punto de aguja (hook-stitch, worked with a crochet-like aguja on a horquilla fork), not gold lace, needle point or guipure. The authors cite Spanish edicts from 1534 to 1623, Moorish influence and pattern-books. They present evidence from two portraits of Andalusian ladies ('Doña Victoria') whose ruffs show the lace, including Arabic-letter motifs, and discuss later Philippine and Sevillian examples. Illustrated with photographs of portraits and lace details.