An encyclopedia article on costume as dress considered from the standpoint of style, surveying clothing across periods and cultures. It discusses the origins and purposes of clothing, the division between trouser-based and skirt-based dress, and the costume of ancient Egypt, China, India, Greece, Etruria, and the Arab world. It then follows European dress from the Middle Ages through the eighteenth century and the French Revolution. Two plates show engraved figures in period dress from Greek and Roman times to the early nineteenth century.