A short encyclopedia entry defining carmine as a bright red pigment made from cochineal. It describes how it is prepared by boiling cochineal and precipitating the color with alum, cream of tartar, stannous chloride or potassium oxalate, and how light and alumina content affect its quality. It also covers adulterants, a test for purity, its chemical makeup, and its uses in artificial flowers, water-colors, cosmetics, ink and miniature painting. The text begins with the tail of the preceding entry, which mentions carmine lake.