Encyclopedia article on lakes (laques), pigments made by precipitating vegetable or animal dye colors onto alumina or metallic oxides, for painters and dyers. It gives recipes for red lakes from cochineal (carmine), scarlet cloth shreds, madder and Brazil wood, and for yellow lakes from quercitron, turmeric and broom flowers, plus an orange lake from annatto. It also notes how acids and alkalies change lake colors.