A short mathematical article by Ralph Griswold, the second in a series on operations on patterns, covering geometrical transformations of grid-based patterns. It defines rotations in 90-degree increments (clockwise convention) and four flips (horizontal, vertical, right diagonal, left diagonal), illustrated with square and oblong pixel patterns. It also gives identities relating the operations and how they affect pattern height and width, shows how compound operations derive from a few basic ones, and ends with a summary table of symbols.