An 1864 article from the U.S. Commissioner of Agriculture's report, written by M. D. Landon of Helena, Arkansas, describing how 1,040 acres of cotton were raised with free (formerly enslaved) labor. It covers seed selection and chemical analysis, soil preparation, planting, cultivation, insect pests (cotton louse, grass caterpillar, cotton army worm), ginning, and picking. It also gives a wage table for freedmen and an estimate of production costs per acre.