An English translation of a 1901 French article by the botanist A. Chevalier on the prospects for growing cotton in Senegambia and the French Soudan, introduced by a note on the founding of the British Cotton Growing Association. It describes the four Gossypium species cultivated there, the strengths and weaknesses of the native Soudan cotton (fibre length, adherence of the wool to the seed), hybridisation and selection, and estimated yields, costs and revenues. An appendix surveys European attempts to grow cotton in West Africa from the 18th century through the 1890s.