An 1890 article by Clare de Graffenried surveying child labor in the United States, with comparisons to England and Germany. It draws on factory inspectors' reports, census data and the author's own observations of workshops and mills. Topics include working conditions, illiteracy, accidents, health effects, tobacco, textile and yarn mills, Southern and New England states, and the state of factory and school legislation. It concludes by arguing for uniform factory regulation and better enforcement of existing laws.