Encyclopedia entry on madder, the red dyestuff obtained from the roots of Rubia species, chiefly Rubia tinctorum. It covers sources of supply (Holland, Southern Europe, Asia Minor, the U.S.), Hindu madder (munjeet) used for East Indian chintzes, the origin of the term Turkey red, alizarin, and garancin. A second entry describes the madder family (Rubiaceae) and its other useful plants, and a botanical engraving of Rubia tinctorum is included.