A short note from Nature (25 November 1886) on the decline of the Indian silk industry. It reports the findings of Mr. Wood Mason, Curator of the Indian Museum, who examined living cocoons from various parts of India and found most of them diseased. The disease appears to be the same as the one that devastated French silkworm nurseries from 1849 to 1865 and was later eradicated from Europe through Pasteur's work.