A July 1998 discussion paper by Brian Lemin speculating on why English East Midland lace bobbins are thin and spangled (beaded). He argues that early bobbins were unmodified animal bones, that English makers kept bone as a material and so had to make thin bobbins, and that spangles were added to stop bobbins rolling, to cope with thread untwisting or breaking, and to suit flatter English pillows. He draws on Palliser, Yallop, Whiting, Levey, Tornehave and Carole Morris's article on a Gloucester bone bobbin, and closes with an annotated reference list.