A 1890 monograph by William F. Willoughby on the employment of children in factories and workshops, published in the Publications of the American Economic Association. It covers the history of child labor and factory legislation in England, the growth of child employment in the United States using 1870 and 1880 census tables and state labor bureau reports, and the state laws regulating it. It then argues from political economy (Ricardo's wage law, the standard of comfort, wage competition, international trade) for state regulation, and closes with the social effects on children, families and society. Textile mills figure as the main example of child employment.