A 1913 article from Textile World Record explaining how filling leno effects, in which weft threads cross one another, can be woven on a power loom. It describes a binder thread inserted by spring-steel loopers mounted over the breast beam and operated from an open shed dobby. The loopers take three positions (out, half in, all in), and the crossing of the filling picks occurs only when the binder threads are tightened after the picks are in. Seventeen figures show the loom attachment, looper positions at successive picks, and filling leno stripe, block and net effects.