An 1799 article by J. A. Chaptal, translated from the Annales de Chimie, that applies chemical principles to the traditional process of dyeing cotton Adrianople (Turkey) red with madder. It examines the three main mordants (oil, galls and alum): how the oil is emulsified with barilla or potash lye, what galling does, and how alum fixes the color. It gives practical rules, such as the choice of oil and barilla, hot gall decoction, quick drying in dry weather, and the proportion of galls to soap.

An 1799 article by J. A. Chaptal, translated from the Annales de Chimie, on using iron oxides to dye cotton. It describes how cotton takes up iron from solutions in various acids to give buff, ochre and rust colours, and Chaptal's method of soaking in green vitriol, then potash and alum, for a softer, durable yellow. It also covers combining iron with madder for violet and purple on cotton prepared for Turkey red, using astringents and galls to obtain browns, greys and blacks, and why galls cannot be replaced by sumach or bark on cotton.