United States Patent No. 394,559, granted December 18, 1888 to Hilaire de Chardonnet of Besançon, France, for artificial silk and a method and apparatus for making it. The specification describes making filaments from a collodion (pyroxyline) solution in ether and alcohol. The solution is forced through fine nozzles into cold water, and the filaments are drawn onto a reel and dried with warm air in an enclosed casing. Four sheets of drawings show the spinning apparatus, and the document ends with 25 claims covering the textile material, the method, the composition and the machine parts.