Article by Elizabeth Bayley Willis based on a 1954 visit to Taiwan (Formosa) as a handicrafts expert for the United Nations. It gives a historical sketch of the island's aboriginal peoples under Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese and Japanese rule, then describes their textiles: ramie cloth, backstrap and log-beam looms, tunics, chiefs' coats, breastplates, belts, tobacco pouches, dyes such as dye yam brown, and the southern tribes' embroidery, cross-stitch and appliqué. Illustrated with nineteen plates, including a tribal map, loom photographs and textile examples; it includes notes and a bibliography.