A 1905 economics article reviewing American wool-growing and the effects of the wool tariff from the McKinley Act of 1890 through the Wilson Bill (free wool) and the Dingley Act of 1897 to 1904. It examines world wool production, import trends by wool class, and the limits of the duty in protecting growers. It also covers the shift of sheep-raising from the East to the arid West, competition from dairying, grain and mutton breeds, and falling wool consumption due to shoddy and cotton. Statistical tables of production, imports and sheep numbers by region are included. It concludes that general agricultural conditions mattered more than the tariff.