An abstract, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, of J. W. Mallet's study of the soil conditions for growing cotton, based on the 'canebrake' prairie soils of Marengo County, Alabama. It covers physical tests (heat absorption, water retention, capillarity, gas and salt absorption, particle size) and chemical analyses of the soils. It ends with general deductions on cotton's needs for heat and moisture and an appendix on how cotton land was ploughed, planted, tended, picked and ginned in Alabama.