An encyclopedia article on costume by Russell Sturgis, defining costume as traditional or national dress as distinct from changing fashion. It surveys dress from ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, covering garments such as the peplos, chiton, toga, bracae, hose, doublets and women's gowns. Illustrated with line engravings of Greek vase-paintings, Roman statues and medieval dress.