A 1915 article from The Modern Review on the economic history and condition of the Indian cotton mill industry. It traces India's early dominance in cotton textiles, the suppression of Indian cloth exports by British policy, and the growth of mechanized mills from the 1850s, with an index-number table of mills, capital, looms and spindles from 1879-80 to 1913-14. It then discusses obstacles: the managing-agent system, poorly educated mill owners, over-capitalisation, the excise duty, scarcity of capital and skilled labour, and competition from Japan and Lancashire.