A 1908 article by Rev. Alfred E. Seddon arguing that welfare work in Southern cotton mills does not replace compulsory education. He reports his own examinations of mill children in South Carolina and Mississippi, with counts of illiterate children by mill and school enrolment versus attendance figures. He also discusses the half-time school system, the harm of mill work for girls and boys, false statements about children's ages, and the need to pair child labor laws with compulsory schooling.