The opening chapter of Lewis F. Day's 'Pattern Design' (1903), a student's guide to the planning and evolution of repeated ornament. It argues that pattern results from repetition, is tied to manufacture, and always rests on a geometric basis, so a designer must plan the lines of a repeat deliberately and not leave them to chance. Four illustrations include a Japanese peach-blossom-on-ice design, a pattern with planned gaps, a heraldic panel and a balanced scroll wall pattern.